Saturday, January 23, 2010

Frequently Asked Questions - Object oriented Concepts

# How do you write a program which produces its own source code as its output?


# How can I find the day of the week given the date?


# Why doesn't C have nested functions?


# What is the most efficient way to count the number of bits which are set in a value?


# How can I convert integers to binary or hexadecimal?


# How can I call a function, given its name as a string?


# How do I access command-line arguments?


# How can I return multiple values from a function?


# How can I invoke another program from within a C program?


# How can I access memory located at a certain address?


# How can I allocate arrays or structures bigger than 64K?


# How can I find out how much memory is available?


# How can I read a directory in a C program?


# How can I increase the allowable number of simultaneously open files?


# What's wrong with the call "fopen("c:\newdir\file.dat", "r")"?


# What is the output of printf("%d")


# What will happen if I say delete this


# Difference between "C structure" and "C++ structure".


# Diffrence between a "assignment operator" and a "copy constructor"


# What is the difference between "overloading" and "overridding"?


# Explain the need for "Virtual Destructor".


# Can we have "Virtual Constructors"?


# What are the different types of polymorphism?


# What are Virtual Functions? How to implement virtual functions in "C"


# What are the different types of Storage classes?


# What is Namespace?


# What are the types of STL containers?.


# Difference between "vector" and "array"?


# How to write a program such that it will delete itself after exectution?


# Can we generate a C++ source code from the binary file?


# What are inline functions?


# Talk sometiming about profiling?


# How many lines of code you have written for a single program?


# What is "strstream" ?


# How to write Multithreaded applications using C++?


# Explain "passing by value", "passing by pointer" and "passing by reference"


# Write any small program that will compile in "C" but not in "C++"


# Have you heard of "mutable" keyword?


# What is a "RTTI"?


# Is there something that I can do in C and not in C++?


# Why preincrement operator is faster than postincrement?


# What is the difference between "calloc" and "malloc"?


# What will happen if I allocate memory using "new" and free it using "free" or allocate sing "calloc" and free it using "delete"?


# What is Memory Alignment?


# Explain working of printf.


# Difference between "printf" and "sprintf".


# What is "map" in STL?


# When shall I use Multiple Inheritance?


# What are the techniques you use for debugging?


# How to reduce a final size of executable?


# Give 2 examples of a code optimization.


# What is inheritance?


# Difference between Composition and Aggregation.


# Difference: Sequence Diagrams, Collaboration Diagrams.


# Difference: 'uses', 'extends', 'includes'


# What shall I go for Package Diagram?


# What is Polymorphism?


# Is class an Object? Is object a class?


# Comment: C++ "includes" behavior and java "imports"


# What do you mean by "Realization"?


# What is a Presistent, Transient Object?


# What is the use of Operator Overloading?


# Does UML guarantee project success?


# Difference: Activity Diagram and Sequence Diagram.


# What is association?


# How to resolve many to many relationship?


# How do you represent static members and abstract classes in Class Diagram?


# What does static variable mean?


# What is a pointer?


# What is a structure?


# What are the differences between structures and arrays?


# In header files whether functions are declared or defined?


# What are the differences between malloc() and calloc()?


# What are macros? what are its advantages and disadvantages?


# Difference between pass by reference and pass by value?


# What is static identifier?


# Where are the auto variables stored?


# Where does global, static, local, register variables, free memory and C Program instructions get stored?


# Difference between arrays and linked list?


# What are enumerations?


# Describe about storage allocation and scope of global, extern, static, local and register variables?


# What are register variables? What are the advantage of using register variables?


# What is the use of typedef?


# Can we specify variable field width in a scanf() format string? If possible how?


# Out of fgets() and gets() which function is safe to use and why?


# Difference between strdup and strcpy?


# What is recursion?


# Differentiate between a for loop and a while loop? What are it uses?


# What are the different storage classes in C?


# Write down the equivalent pointer expression for referring the same element a[i][j][k][l]?


# What is difference between Structure and Unions?


# What the advantages of using Unions?


# What are the advantages of using pointers in a program?


# What is the difference between Strings and Arrays?


# In a header file whether functions are declared or defined?


# What is a far pointer? where we use it?


# How will you declare an array of three function pointers where each function receives two ints and returns a float?


# what is a NULL Pointer? Whether it is same as an uninitialized pointer?


# What is a NULL Macro? What is the difference between a NULL Pointer and a NULL Macro?


# What does the error 'Null Pointer Assignment' mean and what causes this error?


# What is near, far and huge pointers? How many bytes are occupied by them?


# How would you obtain segment and offset addresses from a far address of a memory location?


# Are the expressions arr and &arr same for an array of integers?


# Does mentioning the array name gives the base address in all the contexts?


# Explain one method to process an entire string as one unit?


# What is the similarity between a Structure, Union and enumeration?


# Can a Structure contain a Pointer to itself?


# How can we check whether the contents of two structure variables are same or not?


# How are Structure passing and returning implemented by the complier?


# How can we read/write Structures from/to data files?


# What is the difference between an enumeration and a set of pre-processor # defines?


# what do the 'c' and 'v' in argc and argv stand for?


# Are the variables argc and argv are local to main?


# What is the maximum combined length of command line arguments including the space between adjacent arguments?


# If we want that any wildcard characters in the command line arguments should be appropriately expanded, are we required to make any special provision? If yes, which?


# Does there exist any way to make the command line arguments available to other functions without passing them as arguments to the function?


# What are bit fields? What is the use of bit fields in a Structure declaration?


# To which numbering system can the binary number 1101100100111100 be easily converted to?


# Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?


# Which bit wise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?


# Which bit wise operator is suitable for putting on a particular bit in a number?


# Which bit wise operator is suitable for checking whether a particular bit is on or off?


# which one is equivalent to multiplying by 2:Left shifting a number by 1 or Left shifting an unsigned int or char by 1?


# Write a program to compare two strings without using the strcmp() function.


# Write a program to concatenate two strings.


# Write a program to interchange 2 variables without using the third one.


# Write programs for String Reversal & Palindrome check


# Write a program to find the Factorial of a number


# Write a program to generate the Fibinocci Series


# Write a program which employs Recursion


# Write a program which uses Command Line Arguments


# Write a program which uses functions like strcmp(), strcpy()? etc


# What are the advantages of using typedef in a program?


# How would you dynamically allocate a one-dimensional and two-dimensional array of integers?


# How can you increase the size of a dynamically allocated array?


# How can you increase the size of a statically allocated array?


# When reallocating memory if any other pointers point into the same piece of memory do you have to readjust these other pointers or do they get readjusted automatically?


# Which function should be used to free the memory allocated by calloc()?


# How much maximum can you allocate in a single call to malloc()?


# Can you dynamically allocate arrays in expanded memory?


# What is object file? How can you access object file?


# Which header file should you include if you are to develop a function which can accept variable number of arguments?


# Can you write a function similar to printf()?


# How can a called function determine the number of arguments that have been passed to it?


# Can there be at least some solution to determine the number of arguments passed to a variable argument list function?


# How do you declare the following:


# An array of three pointers to chars


# An array of three char pointers


# A pointer to array of three chars


# A pointer to function which receives an int pointer and returns a float pointer


# A pointer to a function which receives nothing and returns nothing


# What do the functions atoi(), itoa() and gcvt() do?


# Does there exist any other function which can be used to convert an integer or a float to a string?


# How would you use qsort() function to sort an array of structures?


# How would you use qsort() function to sort the name stored in an array of pointers to string?


# How would you use bsearch() function to search a name stored in array of pointers to string?


# How would you use the functions sin(), pow(), sqrt()?


# How would you use the functions memcpy(), memset(), memmove()?


# How would you use the functions fseek(), freed(), fwrite() and ftell()?


# How would you obtain the current time and difference between two times?


# How would you use the functions randomize() and random()?


# How would you implement a substr() function that extracts a sub string from a given string?


# What is the difference between the functions rand(), random(), srand() and randomize()?


# What is the difference between the functions memmove() and memcpy()?


# How do you print a string on the printer?


# Can you use the function fprintf() to display the output on the screen?


# What is an object?


# What is the difference between an object and a class?


# What is the difference between class and structure?


# What is public, protected, private?


# What are virtual functions?


# What is friend function?


# What is a scope resolution operator?


# What do you mean by inheritance?


# What is abstraction?


# What is polymorphism? Explain with an example.


# What is encapsulation?


# What do you mean by binding of data and functions?


# What is function overloading and operator overloading?


# What is virtual class and friend class?


# What do you mean by inline function?


# What do you mean by public, private, protected and friendly?


# When is an object created and what is its lifetime?


# What do you mean by multiple inheritance and multilevel inheritance? Differentiate between them.


# Difference between realloc() and free?


# What is a template?


# What are the main differences between procedure oriented languages and object oriented languages?


# What is R T T I ?


# What are generic functions and generic classes?


# What is namespace?


# What is the difference between pass by reference and pass by value?


# Why do we use virtual functions?


# What do you mean by pure virtual functions?


# What are virtual classes?


# Does c++ support multilevel and multiple inheritance?


# What are the advantages of inheritance?


# When is a memory allocated to a class?


# What is the difference between declaration and definition?


# What is virtual constructors/destructors?


# In c++ there is only virtual destructors, no constructors. Why?


# What is late bound function call and early bound function call? Differentiate.


# How is exception handling carried out in c++?


# When will a constructor executed?


# What is Dynamic Polymorphism?


# Write a macro for swapping integers.

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